What Is NEC in Babies? Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal disease that primarily affects premature babies. It causes inflammation in the intestines that can lead to tissue death, infection, and life-threatening complications if not treated quickly.

For parents, hearing the words “your baby has NEC” can be terrifying. At Daly & Black, P.C., we understand how overwhelming and confusing this diagnosis can be. This page explains what NEC is, what causes it, the signs to watch for, and why some cases may be linked to baby formula. If your child was diagnosed with NEC and you believe formula may be to blame, you may have legal options. Read on to learn more.

What Is Necrotizing Enterocolitis?

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal condition in newborns, especially those born prematurely. It causes inflammation in the lining of the small or large intestine, which can lead to the death of intestinal tissue. In severe cases, NEC can cause a hole to form in the intestinal wall, allowing bacteria to leak into the abdomen, a condition known as peritonitis.

NEC typically develops within the first two weeks of life, especially in babies born before 32 weeks of gestation. According to the Cleveland Clinic, NEC affects up to 10% of premature infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), making it one of the most serious gastrointestinal emergencies in newborns.

Why Are Premature Babies at Higher Risk?

Premature babies face a greater risk of developing NEC because their digestive and immune systems are still underdeveloped. Several factors contribute to this vulnerability:

Immature Intestinal Lining

A premature infant’s gut may not be able to process food or fight off bacteria as effectively as a full-term baby.

Reduced Blood Flow

Lower oxygen levels at birth or respiratory complications can reduce blood flow to the intestines, damaging tissue.

Bacterial Overgrowth

An imbalance of bacteria in the gut, often due to antibiotic use or formula feeding, can lead to infection and inflammation.

NICU Conditions

NEC often arises in hospital settings where feeding practices, infection control, and antibiotic exposure all play a role.

While NEC can occur in full-term babies, it is far more common in preemies — especially those who are formula-fed rather than breastfed.

While NEC can occur in full-term babies, it is far more common in preemies — especially those who are formula-fed rather than breastfed.

What Are the Signs of NEC in Babies?

Recognizing the signs of NEC early can make a critical difference in your baby’s outcome. Common symptoms include:

• Swollen or distended abdomen
• Green or yellow vomiting
• Bloody stool or diarrhea
• Feeding intolerance or refusal to eat
• Lethargy or low activity
• Abnormal breathing or heart rate
• Temperature instability (too hot or too cold)

If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. NEC can progress quickly, and timely intervention may prevent surgery or long-term complications.

Can Baby Formula Cause NEC?

Emerging evidence has shown that cow’s milk-based infant formulas may increase the risk of NEC in premature babies. Studies published in pediatric journals have repeatedly demonstrated that preemies who are fed formula are more likely to develop NEC than those who receive only breast milk or donor milk.

Health agencies and organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, have recommended breast milk as the preferred nutrition source for premature infants due to its protective properties. Some hospitals now prioritize donor milk when a mother’s breast milk isn’t available.

Several major lawsuits have been filed against formula manufacturers like Enfamil (Mead Johnson) and Similac (Abbott Laboratories), alleging they failed to adequately warn parents and healthcare providers about the risks their products pose to premature babies.

NEC Lawsuits and Legal Options for Families

If your baby was diagnosed with NEC after being fed cow’s milk-based formula in the NICU, you may be eligible to file a lawsuit. These claims argue that manufacturers prioritized profits over safety, failing to include proper warnings even as evidence of harm grew.

At Daly & Black, P.C., we represent families affected by NEC-related injuries and losses. Our legal team is actively pursuing justice in these cases and is prepared to stand with you. We handle every detail, from gathering medical records to taking on powerful corporations, so you can focus on your family’s healing.

FAQ

What causes NEC in premature infants?

NEC is caused by inflammation in the intestines, which can result from a combination of factors including immature gut development, infection, reduced blood flow, and feeding practices. Premature infants are most at risk due to their underdeveloped digestive and immune systems.

Can NEC be caused by baby formula?

Yes. Studies have linked NEC in premature infants to cow’s milk-based formulas such as Enfamil and Similac. These formulas are harder to digest than breast milk and may increase the risk of inflammation and infection in the premature gut.

What are the signs and symptoms of NEC in babies?

Symptoms of NEC include a swollen abdomen, vomiting (especially green or yellow), blood in the stool, poor feeding, lethargy, irregular breathing, and abnormal body temperature. Any of these symptoms should prompt immediate medical evaluation.

Legal Support After a NEC Diagnosis

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a devastating condition that affects some of the most vulnerable among us, premature infants. If your baby was diagnosed with NEC and fed formula during their NICU stay, you may be entitled to pursue legal action.

At Daly & Black, P.C., we go ALL IN for families facing the unimaginable. Our NEC lawsuit lawyers are ready to help you understand your legal rights and fight for the justice your child deserves.

Schedule your free consultation with Daly & Black today.